The data in this report are based on a nationally representative survey of 1,291 American adults, aged 18 and older, 1,097 of whom are registered to vote. The survey was conducted March 29 – April 8, 2019. All questionnaires were self-administered by respondents in a web-based environment. The survey took, on average, about 23 minutes to complete.
The sample was drawn from the Ipsos (formerly GfK) KnowledgePanel®, an online panel of members drawn using probability sampling methods. Prospective members are recruited using a combination of random digit dial and address-based sampling techniques that cover virtually all (non-institutional) resident phone numbers and addresses in the United States. Those contacted who would choose to join the panel but do not have access to the Internet are loaned computers and given Internet access so they may participate.
The sample therefore includes a representative cross-section of American adults – irrespective of whether they have Internet access, use only a cell phone, etc. Key demographic variables were weighted, post survey, to match US Census Bureau norms.
From November 2008 to December 2018, no KnowledgePanel® member participated in more than one Climate Change in the American Mind (CCAM) survey. Beginning with the current survey (April, 2019), panel members who have participated in one or more of these surveys in the past, excluding the most recent two surveys (i.e., March and December 2018), may be randomly selected for participation. In the current survey, 464 respondents, including 382 registered voters, participated in a previous CCAM survey prior to 2018.
The survey instrument was designed by Anthony Leiserowitz, Seth Rosenthal, Matthew Ballew, Matthew Goldberg, Abel Gustafson, and Parrish Bergquist of Yale University, and Edward Maibach and John Kotcher of George Mason University.
Margins of error
All samples are subject to some degree of sampling error – that is, statistical results obtained from a sample can be expected to differ somewhat from results that would be obtained if every member of the target population was interviewed. Average margins of error, at the 95% confidence level, are as follows: